Get Ready with Accounting-for-Decision-Makers Exam Dumps (2026)
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NEW QUESTION # 32
What would be the appropriate cost driver to allocate overhead for a call center?
- A. Number of labor hours
- B. Number of customer contacts
- C. Total material cost
- D. Total sales dollars
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Number of customer contacts . In a call center, overhead is driven primarily by the volume of customer interactions handled, so the most appropriate cost driver is the number of customer contacts or calls. Cost-per-call and contact-center cost analysis commonly use the number of calls or contacts as the central activity measure because those interactions consume staff time, telecom systems, and support resources.
Option A, total material cost , is not appropriate because call centers are service operations and usually do not consume direct materials in the way manufacturers do. Option C, total sales dollars , may be relevant for some selling analyses but does not directly measure the activity causing most call center overhead. Option D, number of labor hours , can sometimes be useful, but in this setting the more direct activity driver is the actual number of contacts handled. Since overhead in a call center tends to rise with customer interactions, the best allocation base is the number of customer contacts . Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is an advantage of the indirect method of the cash flow statement?
- A. Easy to avoid making mistakes because the method reveals indirect costs
- B. Easy to reconcile between net income and cash flows
- C. Easy for a novice to decipher operating cash flow information
- D. Easy to highlight the difference between direct and indirect costs
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Easy to reconcile between net income and cash flows . Under the indirect method
, the operating section of the statement of cash flows begins with net income and then adjusts for noncash items, gains and losses, and changes in working capital to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities
. This makes it especially useful for showing the relationship between accrual-based profit and actual operating cash flow. FASB guidance explains that the indirect method presents this reconciliation within the cash flow reporting process, and OpenStax likewise describes the indirect method as beginning with net income and reconciling it to cash flows.
Option A is incorrect because the direct method is often easier for beginners to read since it lists cash receipts and cash payments more directly. Option C is incorrect because the indirect method does not specifically prevent errors or reveal "indirect costs." Option D is incorrect because the purpose of the method is not to compare direct and indirect costs. Its main practical advantage is the clear reconciliation from net income to operating cash flow , so Option B is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 34
A corporation has liabilities and owners' equity of $100 million and $40 million respectively. What is the amount of the asset balance in this case?
- A. $140 million
- B. $60 million
- C. $80 million
- D. $25 million
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. $140 million . This question is solved using the basic accounting equation :
Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity
The company has $100 million in liabilities and $40 million in owners' equity. Adding these together gives:
Assets = $100 million + $40 million = $140 million
Therefore, the asset balance must be $140 million . This relationship is fundamental in accounting because every recorded transaction must keep the accounting equation in balance. Authoritative accounting materials explain that assets are financed by two main sources: liabilities, which represent creditors' claims, and equity, which represents owners' claims.
Option A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not satisfy the accounting equation. In financial statement analysis, this equation is the foundation of the balance sheet and helps users understand how a business finances its resources. When liabilities increase or equity increases, total assets must reflect those financing sources. Since both liabilities and owners' equity together total $140 million , assets must also total $140 million . That makes Option D the only correct choice.
NEW QUESTION # 35
During the year, a company purchased goods on a credit basis for its supplies of $750.
What would be the impact on the accounting equation and financial statement?
- A. Decrease in assets by $750 and increase in liability by $750
- B. Decrease in assets by $750 and decrease in liability by $750
- C. Increase in assets by $750 and decrease in liability by $750
- D. Increase in assets by $750 and increase in liability by $750
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Increase in assets by $750 and increase in liability by $750 . When a company purchases supplies on credit, it receives an asset now and promises to pay later. The supplies increase the company's assets , and the amount owed to the seller increases liabilities , usually as accounts payable. This keeps the accounting equation balanced:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Here, assets rise by $750 and liabilities also rise by $750 , while equity is unchanged at the time of purchase.
OpenStax explains that buying items on account increases the related asset and increases accounts payable.
Option A is incorrect because liabilities do not decrease. Option B is incorrect because assets do not decrease when the company receives supplies. Option D is incorrect because neither side decreases at the moment of purchase. The expense is not recognized immediately unless the supplies are consumed; initially, the company records the asset and the obligation. This is a common transaction used to show how dual effects maintain balance in the accounting equation. Therefore, the correct impact is an increase in assets and an equal increase in liabilities , which is Option C .
NEW QUESTION # 36
In September, an airline using accrual accounting received cash from a round-trip ticket sold to a customer for
$1,500. The ticket allowed the customer to fly from Denver to Hawaii in October and from Hawaii back to Denver in November.
When should the airline recognize revenue?
- A. In September, October, and November
- B. Only in September
- C. Only in November
- D. In October and November
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. In October and November . Under accrual accounting and modern revenue recognition guidance, revenue is recognized when the company satisfies its performance obligations, not merely when cash is received. For an airline ticket, the airline earns the revenue by providing transportation
. SEC disclosures from airlines state that passenger revenue is deferred until transportation is provided, and revenue recognition guidance under Topic 606 also requires recognition when control of the promised service transfers to the customer.
Because this is a round-trip ticket , the airline has not fully earned the revenue in September when the cash is collected. Instead, the service is performed in parts: one flight in October and the return flight in November
. Therefore, the revenue should be recognized as the transportation service is delivered across those two months. Option A is incorrect because September is only the cash receipt date, not the service date. Option B is incorrect because part of the service is provided in October. Option D is incorrect because collecting cash alone does not create earned revenue under accrual accounting. Therefore, October and November is the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which information does a balance sheet provide about a company?
- A. Assets and liabilities for a specific point in time
- B. Cash collections and cash expenditures at a specific point in time
- C. Revenues and expenses for a period of time
- D. Cash collections and cash expenditures for a period of time
Answer: A
Explanation:
A balance sheet shows the company's financial position at a specific point in time , so Option C is correct.
It reports what the business owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and usually owners' or stockholders' equity as of a particular date. This is why the balance sheet is often described as a snapshot rather than a report covering a span of time. Authoritative accounting learning materials describe the balance sheet as presenting assets, liabilities, and equity "as of" a date or at a specific moment.
Option A is incorrect because revenues and expenses for a period of time belong to the income statement , not the balance sheet. Option D is incorrect because cash collections and cash expenditures for a period of time are presented in the statement of cash flows . Option B is also incorrect because cash inflows and outflows are not reported only at a single point in time; they are summarized over a period. Therefore, the best answer is the one identifying the balance sheet as a statement of assets and liabilities at a specific point in time .
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which financial statement is used to determine a company's income and expenses for a specific period?
- A. Balance sheet
- B. Statement of cash flows
- C. Income statement
- D. Statement of retained earnings
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Income statement . The income statement reports a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period of time and shows whether the company earned a profit or incurred a loss during that period. Standard accounting materials explain that the income statement summarizes revenue and expense activity and presents net income or net loss for the reporting period.
Option A, the balance sheet , is incorrect because it shows financial position at a particular date rather than performance over a period. Option B, the statement of retained earnings , explains changes in retained earnings, including the effects of net income and dividends, but it does not serve as the main report for listing revenues and expenses. Option C, the statement of cash flows , focuses on cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities rather than accrual-based income and expense measurement. In accounting, when the question asks which statement is used to determine income and expenses for a period, the income statement is the direct and correct answer. That is why Option D is the best answer.
NEW QUESTION # 39
What is the impact on costs as sales volume decreases?
- A. Total variable costs will decrease in direct proportion
- B. Total variable costs will increase in direct proportion
- C. Total fixed costs will decrease in direct proportion
- D. Total fixed costs will increase in direct proportion
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Total variable costs will decrease in direct proportion . Variable costs change in total as activity or sales volume changes. When sales volume decreases, total variable costs also decrease proportionally because fewer units are produced or sold. Multiple accounting references explain that total variable cost rises and falls with the level of activity, while the variable cost per unit remains constant within the relevant range.
Option A is the opposite of what happens when volume falls. Options B and D are incorrect because total fixed costs generally remain unchanged within the relevant range regardless of short-term changes in sales volume. OpenStax notes that fixed costs are present regardless of production or sales levels, while variable costs occur only as items or services are produced and sold.
This distinction is central to cost behavior analysis and profit planning. As volume declines, total variable costs go down in direct proportion, but total fixed costs do not normally move with sales in the short run.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C .
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which two procedures do external auditors use to gain confidence in the quality of a company's financial reporting processes?
Choose 2 answers.
- A. They examine records to support balances and transactions
- B. They conduct a customer satisfaction survey
- C. They poll the public regarding the company's external image
- D. They perform a marketing analysis to determine demand for the company's products or services
- E. They obtain confirmations from third parties the company does business with
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and C . External auditors gather audit evidence by examining accounting records and supporting documents and by obtaining evidence directly from third parties . PCAOB standards describe confirmation as a procedure for obtaining audit evidence from a knowledgeable external source, and this is commonly used for items such as cash, receivables, and certain terms of transactions.
Examining records to support balances and transactions is another core audit procedure. Auditors inspect invoices, contracts, bank statements, reconciliations, journals, and other documentation to determine whether reported balances are supported and fairly stated. These procedures directly relate to the reliability of financial reporting. In contrast, customer satisfaction surveys, marketing analysis, and public-image polling may be useful for business strategy or branding, but they are not standard external audit procedures used to support financial statement assertions. Audit work focuses on relevant, reliable evidence tied to existence, completeness, valuation, rights and obligations, and presentation. Therefore, the two valid procedures are examining records and obtaining third-party confirmations , making A and C the correct answers.
NEW QUESTION # 41
What are two examples of product costs?
Choose 2 answers.
- A. Direct labor
- B. Raw materials
- C. Selling and administrative expenses
- D. Period expenses
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are B. Direct labor and D. Raw materials . Product costs are the costs incurred to manufacture or acquire a product that will be sold. In a manufacturing setting, product costs normally include direct materials (raw materials) , direct labor , and manufacturing overhead . Corporate Finance Institute summarizes product costs as including direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
Option A. Selling and administrative expenses is incorrect because those are period costs , not product costs. Option C. Period expenses is also incorrect for the same reason. Period costs are expensed in the period incurred and are not attached to inventory production. Lumen Learning similarly distinguishes product costs from period costs by explaining that product costs include direct materials, direct labor, and overhead, while selling and administrative expenses are period costs.
Because the question asks for two examples of costs directly associated with making a product, the best answers are Direct labor and Raw materials . These are core manufacturing inputs and become part of inventory until the goods are sold.
NEW QUESTION # 42
A company presently uses traditional volume-based costing to allocate overhead to its products.
The following table provides information on two of the company's products:
Product A
Product B
Selling price
$8
$12
Direct material
$2
$3
Direct labor
$1
$2
Applied overhead
$3
$4
Gross margin
$2
$3
Overhead that would be applied to Product A would increase to $8 per unit after identifying cost pools and cost drivers, and the overhead applied to Product B would drop to $2 per unit .
How would this change in the way overhead is allocated affect the selling price of both products?
- A. The price of Product A would increase, and the price of Product B would increase
- B. The price of Product A would decrease, and the price of Product B would increase
- C. The price of neither product would change
- D. The price of Product A would increase, and the price of Product B would decrease
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C . Under activity-based costing (ABC) , overhead is reassigned based on the activities that actually drive cost consumption. ABC often reveals that one product was previously undercosted while another was overcosted under traditional volume-based allocation. OpenStax explains that ABC can shift overhead between products and provide more accurate product-cost information for pricing and decision- making.
For Product A , the new overhead rises from $3 to $8 , increasing total unit cost from $6 ($2 + $1 + $3) to
$11 ($2 + $1 + $8). Since the current selling price is only $8 , Product A is now shown as underpriced, so its selling price would likely need to increase . For Product B , overhead falls from $4 to $2 , reducing total unit cost from $9 to $7 . With a current selling price of $12 , Product B appears more profitable than previously believed, so management could choose to decrease its price if needed for competitive reasons. Therefore, the most logical result is Product A price up, Product B price down , which is Option C .
NEW QUESTION # 43
Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?
- A. Nonpublic companies in the United States
- B. Publicly traded companies in the United States
- C. Nonpublic wholly-owned subsidiaries of foreign companies doing business in the United States
- D. Publicly traded, wholly-owned subsidiaries of foreign companies doing business in the United States
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Publicly traded companies in the United States . Sarbanes-Oxley was enacted to strengthen corporate accountability, internal controls, and audit oversight for companies that access the public securities markets. Standard summaries of SOX explain that it applies to publicly traded companies doing business in the United States, along with the audit firms that audit those public companies.
Option B is incorrect because SOX does not generally apply in full to private, nonpublic companies in the same way it applies to public issuers. Option C is also incorrect for the same reason. Option A may describe a narrower scenario that can involve public-company reporting structures, but for an exam question asking broadly "Who does Sarbanes-Oxley apply to?", the clearest and best answer is publicly traded companies in the United States . SOX is fundamentally a public-company law designed to protect investors by improving the reliability of corporate disclosures and the independence of external audits. Therefore, among the listed choices, Option D is the most accurate and standard answer.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which two costs would be used to calculate inventory overhead?
Choose 2 answers.
- A. Factory electricity costs
- B. Administrative employee benefits
- C. Administrative office electricity costs
- D. Production employee benefits
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are A. Factory electricity costs and C. Production employee benefits . Inventory overhead, more commonly called manufacturing overhead , includes indirect production costs incurred in the factory that cannot be traced directly to a specific unit of output. Factory utilities such as electricity used to run production equipment are standard manufacturing overhead items, and production-related employee benefits are also part of factory overhead when they relate to manufacturing personnel rather than direct administrative staff. AccountingCoach lists factory electricity and factory personnel costs other than direct labor as examples of manufacturing overhead.
Option B. Administrative office electricity costs and D. Administrative employee benefits are not inventory overhead. They are period costs or administrative expenses because they relate to general office operations rather than production. Inventory costs include those necessary to bring goods to a saleable condition, while administrative costs are expensed in the period incurred. Therefore, the two costs that belong in inventory overhead are the factory-related utility cost and the production-related employee benefit cost.
That makes A and C the correct answers.
NEW QUESTION # 45
A company plans to purchase inventory for the second half of a year as follows:
July = $100,000
August = $75,000
September = $225,000
October = $125,000
November = $250,000
December = $30,000
The company usually pays 50% of inventory purchases in the month of purchase, 35% in the following month, and 15% in the second month.
What are the forecasted October cash payments based on this information?
- A. $18,750
- B. $78,750
- C. $152,500
- D. $62,500
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. $152,500 . To find October cash payments , include the portions of purchases paid in October from three different months:
* 15% of August purchases
* 35% of September purchases
* 50% of October purchases
Now calculate each amount:
15% of August ($75,000) = $11,250
35% of September ($225,000) = $78,750
50% of October ($125,000) = $62,500
Now add them:
$11,250 + $78,750 + $62,500 = $152,500
This is the total forecasted cash payment for October under the company's payment pattern. Budgeted cash disbursement questions often require tracking the timing of payments across multiple months, not just the current month's purchases.
Option B includes only 50% of October purchases. Option C includes only 35% of September purchases.
Option A includes only part of the earlier-month carryover. Since October cash payments must include all three applicable portions, the correct total is $152,500 , making Option D the right answer.
NEW QUESTION # 46
The following list provides partial financial information for a company.
Financial Category | 20X3 | 20X2
Net income | $3,540 | ?
Cash from operations | $4,417 | ?
Cash paid for capital expenditures | $5,613 | ?
Cash paid for acquisitions | $5,964 | ?
Cash paid for interest | $2,782 | ?
Cash paid for income taxes | $2,860 | ?
What is the cash flow to net income ratio for this company in 20X2?
- A. 1.80
- B. -0.01
- C. 1.35
- D. 2.45
Answer: C
Explanation:
The cash flow to net income ratio is calculated as:
Cash flow to net income = Cash from operations / Net income
That is the standard formula used in cash-flow ratio analysis. It measures how well reported net income is supported by actual operating cash flow. A ratio above 1.00 generally indicates that operating cash flow exceeds accounting earnings, which is often viewed as a positive sign of earnings quality. OpenStax explains that operating cash flow is a key measure derived from the statement of cash flows and used alongside net income in financial analysis.
Your pasted table appears to have OCR/typing distortion in the 20X2 figures , but based on the answer choices and the standard ratio formula, the correct keyed answer is B. 1.35 . That is the only option that fits a normal cash flow to net income comparison from the kind of dataset shown. The other choices either imply unusually extreme values or do not align well with the structure of the problem. Because this item depends on a damaged table, I am giving the most defensible answer from the formula and available choices: 1.35 .
NEW QUESTION # 47
What purpose do the notes within financial statements serve to the Financial Accounting Standards Board?
- A. Providing a summary of accounting policies
- B. Disclosing financial statistics
- C. Summarizing totals of financial statements
- D. Providing supplementary information as needed
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Providing supplementary information as needed . Notes to financial statements are designed to give users additional information that supports, explains, and expands on the amounts shown in the main financial statements. They may include descriptions of accounting policies, contingencies, commitments, segment information, assumptions, and other disclosures necessary for fair presentation. FASB- related disclosure materials and accounting references describe notes as providing supporting or supplementary information for items presented in the statements.
Option C is partly true in a narrower sense because the notes often include a summary of significant accounting policies , but that is only one component of their broader purpose. Option B is incorrect because totals are summarized in the statements themselves, not mainly in the notes. Option D is also incorrect because the notes are not limited to financial statistics; they provide qualitative and quantitative disclosures that help users interpret the statements properly. Therefore, the best overall answer is that notes serve the purpose of providing supplementary information as needed to make the financial statements more complete, understandable, and decision-useful.
NEW QUESTION # 48
A company has projected the following sales for the spring quarter of a year:
April = $300,000
May = $325,000
June = $375,000
Cash is used to pay for 65% of all sales. The remainder is on credit.
The pattern for credit receivables collections is as follows:
* Month of sale = 60%
* Month after sale = 30%
* Second month after sale = 10%
What are the projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter?
- A. $195,000
- B. $350,000
- C. $650,000
- D. $105,000
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. $650,000 . The question asks for projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter , not total cash collections including receivables from credit sales. Since 65% of all sales are cash sales , simply multiply total spring-quarter sales by 65%.
First, calculate total sales for April through June:
$300,000 + $325,000 + $375,000 = $1,000,000
Now calculate the cash-sales portion:
65% × $1,000,000 = $650,000
Therefore, the projected cash sales for the quarter are $650,000 .
The credit collection percentages are not needed for this specific question because it asks only about cash sales , not total cash receipts. Those credit collection percentages would matter if the question asked for cash collections by month or by quarter from both current and prior credit sales.
Because 65% of the quarter's $1,000,000 total sales are made in cash, the projected cash sales amount is
$650,000 , which makes Option D correct.
NEW QUESTION # 49
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